Widespread noncoded amino acids in human proteome
By
Jing-Hua Yang,
Xinjun Chen,
Jing Gong,
Xin Lv,
Han Zhao,
Cuiling Li,
Baibing Bi,
Fengqin Wang,
Shengnan Sun,
Xingyuan Wang,
Haobo Zhang,
Tao Huang,
Kazem Azadzoi,
Feng Shi,
Xianglong Kong,
Minglei Shu,
Yinglong Wang,
Wan Huang,
Y. Eugene Chin,
Zhinan Chen,
Zi-Jiang Chen
Posted 30 Mar 2018
bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/292474
Proteins are usually deciphered by translation of the coding genome; however, their amino acid residues are seldom determined directly across the proteome. Herein, we describe a systematic workflow for identifying all possible protein residues that differ from the coding genome, termed noncoded amino acids (ncAAs). By measuring the mass differences between the coding amino acids and the actual protein residues in human spermatozoa, over a million nonzero delta masses were detected, fallen into 424 high-quality Gaussian clusters and 571 high-confidence ncAAs spanning 29,053 protein sites. Most ncAAs are novel with unresolved side-chains and discriminative between healthy individuals and patients with oligoasthenospermia. For validation, 40 out of 98 ncAAs that matched with amino acid substitutions were confirmed by exon sequencing. This workflow revealed the widespread existence of previously unreported ncAAs in the sperm proteome, which represents a new dimension on the understanding of amino acid polymorphisms at the proteomic level.
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