The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers

Cancer develops through a process of somatic evolution. Here, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of 2,778 tumour samples from 2,658 donors spanning 39 cancer types. Characteristic copy number gains, such as trisomy 7 in glioblastoma or isochromosome 17q in medulloblastoma, are found amongst the earliest events in tumour evolution. The early phases of oncogenesis are driven by point mutations in a restricted set of cancer genes, often including biallelic inactivation of tumour suppressors. By contrast, increased genomic instability, a more than three-fold diversification of driver genes, and an acceleration of mutational processes are features of later stages. Clock-like mutations yield estimates for whole genome duplications and subclonal diversification in chronological time. Our results suggest that driver mutations often precede diagnosis by many years, and in some cases decades. Taken together, these data reveal common and divergent trajectories of cancer evolution, pivotal for understanding tumour biology and guiding early cancer detection.

Download data

• Downloaded 9,261 times
• Download rankings, all-time:
  • Site-wide: 285 out of 92,657
  • In cancer biology: 7 out of 3,278
• Year to date:
  • Site-wide: 1,632 out of 92,657
• Since beginning of last month:
  • Site-wide: 10,117 out of 92,657

Altmetric data

Downloads over time

Distribution of downloads per paper, site-wide