Non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterised by very early T cell proliferation independent of type 1 interferon responses and distinct from other acute respiratory viruses.
By
Aneesh Chandran,
Joshua Rosenheim,
Gayathrie Nageswaran,
Leo Swadling,
Gabriele Pollara,
Rishi K Gupta,
Jose Afonso Guerra-Assuncao,
Annemarie Woolston,
Tahel Ronel,
Corrina Pade,
Joseph Gibbons,
Blanca Sanz-Magallon Duque De Estrada,
Marc Robert de Massy,
Matthew VX Whelan,
Amanda Semper,
Tim Brooks,
Daniel M. Altmann,
Rosemary J. Boyton,
Aine McKnight,
Charlotte Manisty,
Thomas Alexander Treibel,
James Moon,
Gillian S Tomlinson,
Mala K. Maini,
Benjamin M Chain,
Mahdad Noursadeghi,
COVIDsortium investigators
Posted 31 Mar 2021
medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.30.21254540
The correlates of natural protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the majority who experience asymptomatic infection or non-severe disease are not fully characterised, and remain important as new variants emerge. We addressed this question using blood transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing spanning the time of incident infection. We identified a type 1 interferon (IFN) response common to other acute respiratory viruses, and a cell proliferation response that discriminated SARS-CoV-2 from other viruses. These responses peaked by the time the virus was first detected, and in some preceded virus detection. Cell proliferation was most evident in CD8 T cells and associated with rapid expansion of SARS-CoV-2 reactive TCRs. We found an equally rapid increase in immunoglobulin transcripts, but circulating virus-specific antibodies lagged by 1-2 weeks. Our data support a protective role for rapid induction of type 1 IFN and CD8 T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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