Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Extracorporeal Oxygenation Patients with Severe COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
By
Sunjay Kaushal,
Aisha Khan,
Kristopher Deatrick,
Derek K. Ng,
Abigail Snyder,
Aakash Shah,
Lina V. Caceres,
Ketty Bacallao,
Melania Bembea,
Allen Everett,
Jie Zhu,
David Kaczorowski,
Ronson Madathil,
Ali Tabatabai,
Geoffrey Rosenthal,
Adriana Brooks,
Bangon Longsomboon,
Rachana Mishra,
Progyaparamita Saha,
Yvenie Desire,
Russell Saltzman,
Kim G.Hankey,
Sixto A. Arias,
Folusakin Ayoade,
Jairo A. Tovar,
Rejane Lamazares,
Hayley B. Gershengorn,
Magali J. Fontaine,
Matt Klein,
Kristin Mullins,
Muthukumar Gunasekaran,
Matthias Loebe,
Vela Karakeshishyan,
Dushyantha T. Jayaweera,
Anthony Atala,
Ali Ghodsizad,
Joshua M. Hare
Posted 20 Oct 2020
medRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.15.20122523
BackgroundThere is an ongoing critical need to improve therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 pneumonia, particularly in the most severely affected patients. Adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusions have the potential to benefit critically ill patients with acute respiratory syndrome SARS-COV-2 infection, but clinical data supporting efficacy are lacking. MethodsWe conducted a case-control study of critically ill patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To evaluate clinical responsiveness in the most critically ill patient we examined outcomes in a sub-group of those requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Patients (n=9) were administered with up to 3 infusions of intravenous (IV) MSCs and compared to a local ECMO control group (n=31). The primary outcome was safety, and the secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality (or rate of hospital discharge), cytokine levels, and viral clearance. FindingsMSC infusions (12 patients) were well tolerated and no side effects occurred. Of ECMO patients receiving MSC infusions, 2 out of 9 died (22.2%; 95%CI: 2.8%, 60.0%) compared with a mortality of 15 of 31 (48.4%; 95%CI: 30.2%, 66.9%; p = 0.25) in the ECMO control group. Isolated plasma exosomes containing the SARS-COV-2 Spike protein decreased after MSC infusions between day 14 or 21 after administration (p=0.003 and p=0.005, respectively) and was associated with a decrease in COVID-19 IgG Spike protein titer at same time points (p = 0.006 and p=0.007, respectively). Control ECMO patients receiving convalescent plasma did not clear COVID-19 IgG over the same time frame. InterpretationTogether these findings suggest that MSC IV infusion is well tolerated in patients with a broad range of severity including the most severe COVID-19 ARDS requiring ECMO. These data also raise the possibility that MSCs, in addition to exerting an immunomodulatory effect, contribute to viral clearance and strongly support the conduct of randomized placebo-controlled trial.
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