Parental genetic relatedness may lead to adverse health and fitness outcomes in the offspring. However, the degree to which it affects human delivery timing is unknown. We use genotype data from {approx}25,000 parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study to optimize runs of homozygosity (ROH) calling by maximising the correlation between parental genetic relatedness and offspring ROHs. We then estimate the effect of maternal, paternal, and fetal autozygosity and that of autozygosity mapping (common segments and gene burden test) on the timing of spontaneous onset of delivery. The correlation between offspring ROH using a variety of parameters and parental genetic relatedness ranged between -0.2 and 0.6, revealing the importance of the minimum number of genetic variants included in a ROH and the use of genetic distance. The optimized parameters led to a {approx}45% increase in the correlation between parental genetic relatedness and offspring ROH compared to using predefined parameters. We found no evidence of an effect of maternal, paternal nor fetal overall autozygosity on spontaneous delivery timing. Yet, using autozygosity mapping for common and rare autozygous segments, we identified three maternal loci in TBC1D1, SIGLECs and EDN1 gene regions reducing median time-to-spontaneous onset of delivery by {approx}2-5% (p-value< 2.3x10-6). We also found suggestive evidence of a fetal locus at 3q22.2, in the RYK gene region (p-value= 6.5x10-6). Autozygosity mapping may provide new insights on the genetic determinants and architecture of delivery timing beyond traditional genome-wide association studies, but particular and rigorous attention should be given to ROH calling parameter selection.

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